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Specialised Centre For General Surgery
"The branch of surgery that covers the main areas of surgical treatment."

General surgery is a surgical specialty that focuses on the sebaceous cyst, dermoid cyst, mole removal and diabetic foot ulcer.

Treatment for

sebaceous cyst

Small lumps that arise within the skin.

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dermoid cyst

Its occur when tissue collects under the skin.

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mole-removal

Moles can also be removed for cosmetic reasons.

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diabetic foot ulcer

The vascular surgeon removes the infected tissues.

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thyroid

The thyroid hormones have a wide range of effects on the human body

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Breast Cysts

A benign breast condition is one that is not cancer.

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sebaceous cyst

cysts are soft, white or yellow lumps that slowly grow under the skin due to a clogged hair follicle or trauma, like a scratch. They are filled with a thick, oily substance that may drain out. Painless and otherwise harmless, sebaceous cysts can sometimes get infected.

Sebaceous cysts can be easily moved under the skin. While they can pop up anywhere on the body, they are commonly found on the head, back of the ears, neck, and trunk

When Surgery Is Needed

If sebaceous cyst grows and becomes symptomatic then surgical removal of the cyst is required using local anasthesia.

  • Are soft lumps or bumps
  • Grow slowly just under the skin
  • Are typically painless
  • Usually have a visible hole in the middle called a central punctum
  • Move freely when touched
  • Excision and removal of entire cyst with its wall and contents are required.
  • If a sebaceous cyst becomes infected, a open incision and drainage is required followed by dressing.
  • It's important to see a Doctor at any time you notice a growth, bump, or lump on your body.
  • Sebaceous cysts aren't generally harmful. Still, your provider can make sure the bump isn't something more serious.

dermoid cyst

A dermoid cyst is a saclike growth that is present at birth. It contains structures such as hair, fluid, teeth, or skin glands that can be found on or in the skin.

Dermoid cysts grow slowly and are not tender unless ruptured. They usually occur on the face, inside the skull, on the lower back, and in the ovaries. Superficial dermoid cysts on the face usually can be removed without complications. Removal of other, more raredermoid cysts requires special techniques and training.

Dermoid cysts occur in four major areas:

Dermoid cysts in the brain: Dermoid cysts occur very rarely here. A neurosurgeon may need to remove them if they cause problems.

Dermoid cysts in the nasal sinuses: : These are also very rare. Only a handful of cases involving dermoid cysts located here are reported each year. Removal of these cysts is extremely complicated.

Ovarian dermoid cysts: These growths can develop in a woman during their reproductive years. They can cause torsion, infection, rupture, and cancer. These dermoid cysts can be removed with either conventional surgery or laparoscopy (surgery that uses small incisions and specially designed instruments to enter the abdomen or pelvis).

Dermoid cysts of the spinal cord: A sinus tract, which is a narrow connection from a deep pit in the skin, usually connects these very rare cysts to the skin surface. This type of dermoid cyst can become infected. Removal is often incomplete, but the outcome is usually excellent.

Many people with dermoid cysts have no symptoms. Some people start to experience symptoms as their cysts grow. Symptoms vary based on the type of dermoid cyst. For example:

Periorbital dermoid cyst: A lump near the edge of your eyebrow may be swollen and have a yellow tint. Over time, it can change the shape of bones in the area.

Ovarian dermoid cyst: You may have pain in your pelvic area, particularly around the time of menstruation.

Spinal dermoid cyst: A growing dermoid cyst may compress your spinal cord or nerves, causing:

  • Trouble walking.
  • Urinary incontinence.
  • Weakness in your legs and arms.
  • Physical exam: If the cyst is close to your skin’s surface, your provider can examine the cyst and the area around it.
  • CT (computed tomography) scan or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): These noninvasive tests show your provider images of the cyst. These tests can show if the cyst is near a sensitive area, such as a carotid artery. They can also see if a spinal dermoid cyst may be near a nerve.
  • Pelvic ultrasound or transvaginal ultrasound: Your provider uses painless sound waves to see images of an ovarian dermoid cyst. During a pelvic ultrasound, your provider applies a probe against your skin. During a transvaginal ultrasound, your provider inserts a wand into your vagina.

Surgical removal is the only effective treatment for any type of dermoid cyst.

A doctor should be contacted in the following situations:
  • A cyst becomes painful or inflamed.
  • A cyst grows or changes color.
  • Removal is desired for cosmetic reasons.

mole removal

Moles (nevi) are a common type of skin growth. They often appear as small, dark brown spots and are caused by clusters of pigment-forming cells (melanocytes). Most people have 10 to 40 moles that appear during childhood and adolescence and may change in appearance or fade over time.

Most moles are harmless. Rarely, they become cancerous. Being aware of changes in your moles and other pigmented patches is important to detecting skin cancer, especially malignant melanoma.

The typical mole is a small brown spot. But moles come in different colors, shapes and sizes:
  • Color and texture. Moles can be brown, tan, black, blue, red or pink. They can be smooth, wrinkled, flat or raised. They may have hair growing from them.
  • Shape. Most moles are oval or round.
  • Size. Moles are usually less than 1/4 inch (about 6 millimeters) in diameter — the size of a pencil eraser. Those present at birth (congenital nevi) can be bigger than usual, covering part of the face, torso or a limb.
  • Your doctor can diagnose moles by looking at your skin. During a skin exam, your doctor inspects your skin from head to toe. If your doctor suspects that a mole may be cancerous, it is removed and sent to a lab for examination under a microscope (biopsy).
  • Most moles don't need treatment. If you have a hair growing from a mole, you might try clipping it close to the skin's surface or plucking it. Anytime you cut or irritate a mole, keep the area clean.
  • You might also talk with your talk about surgically removing a mole if it bothers you or if you notice suspicious changes in it. Mole removal takes only a short time and is usually done on an outpatient basis

Make an appointment with your doctor if a mole looks unusual, grows or otherwise changes.

Diabetic foot ulcer

Diabetic neuropathy is a type of nerve damage that can occur if you have diabetes. High blood sugar (glucose) can injure nerves throughout the body. Diabetic neuropathy most often damages nerves in the legs and feet.

Depending on the affected nerves, diabetic neuropathy symptoms include pain and numbness in the legs, feet and hands. It can also cause problems with the digestive system, urinary tract, blood vessels and heart. Some people have mild symptoms. But for others, diabetic neuropathy can be quite painful and disabling.

  • Numbness or reduced ability to feel pain or temperature changes
  • Tingling or burning feeling
  • Sharp pains or cramps
  • Muscle weakness
  • Extreme sensitivity to touch — for some people, even a bedsheet's weight can be painful
  • Serious foot problems, such as ulcers, infections, and bone and joint damage

Your health care provider can usually diagnose diabetic neuropathy by performing a physical exam and carefully reviewing your symptoms and medical history.

Your health care provider typically checks your:
  • Overall muscle strength and tone
  • Tendon reflexes
  • Sensitivity to touch, pain, temperature and vibration
Along with the physical exam, your health care provider may perform or order specific tests to help diagnose diabetic neuropathy, such as:
  • Filament testing. A soft nylon fiber (monofilament) is brushed over areas of your skin to test your sensitivity to touch.
  • Sensory testing. This noninvasive test is used to tell how your nerves respond to vibration and changes in temperature.
  • Nerve conduction testing. This test measures how quickly the nerves in your arms and legs conduct electrical signals.
  • Electromyography. Called needle testing, this test is often done along with nerve conduction studies. It measures electrical discharges produced in your muscles.
  • Autonomic testing. Special tests may be done to determine how your blood pressure changes while you are in different positions, and whether your sweating is within the standard range.
  • The bladder area (below your bellybutton) can help some bladder problems. Other methods, including self-catheterization, may be needed to remove urine from a nerve-damaged bladder.
  • Digestive problems. To relieve mild signs and symptoms of gastroparesis — indigestion, belching, nausea or vomiting — eating smaller, more frequent meals may help. Diet changes and medications may help relieve gastroparesis, diarrhea, constipation and nausea.
  • Low blood pressure on standing (orthostatic hypotension). Treatment starts with simple lifestyle changes, such as not using alcohol, drinking plenty of water, and changing positions such as from sitting to standing slowly. Sleeping with the head of the bed raised 4 to 6 inches helps prevent high blood pressure overnight.
  • Your health care provider may also recommend compression support for your abdomen and thighs (abdominal binder and compression shorts or stockings). Several medications, either alone or together, may be used to treat orthostatic hypotension.
  • Sexual dysfunction. Medications taken by mouth or injection may improve sexual function in some men, but they aren't safe and effective for everyone. Mechanical vacuum devices may increase blood flow to the penis. Women may benefit from vaginal lubricants.
Call your health care provider for an appointment if you have:
  • A cut or sore on your foot that is infected or won't heal
  • Burning, tingling, weakness or pain in your hands or feet that interferes with daily activities or sleep
  • Changes in digestion, urination or sexual function
  • Dizziness and fainting